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The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-hydroxylases (human PHD1-3) catalyze prolyl hydroxylation in oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains of HIFα isoforms, modifications that signal for HIFα proteasomal degradation in an oxygen-dependent manner. PHD inhibitors are used for treatment of anemia in kidney disease. Increased erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with familial/idiopathic erythrocytosis and pulmonary hypertension is associated with mutations in EGLN1 (PHD2) and EPAS1 (HIF2α); a drug inhibiting HIF2α activity is used for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment. We report crystal structures of PHD2 complexed with the C-terminal HIF2α-ODD in the presence of its 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate or N-oxalylglycine inhibitor. Combined with the reported PHD2.HIFα-ODD structures and biochemical studies, the results inform on the different PHD.HIFα-ODD binding modes and the potential effects of clinically observed mutations in HIFα and PHD2 genes. They may help enable new therapeutic avenues, including PHD isoform-selective inhibitors and sequestration of HIF2α by the PHDs for ccRCC treatment.

Original publication

DOI

10.1002/prot.26541

Type

Journal article

Journal

Proteins

Publication Date

14/07/2023

Keywords

Belzutifan, Trichoplax adhaerens and Pseudomonas putida prolyl hydroxylase domain (TaPHD and PPHD), clear cell renal cell carcinoma, erythropoiesis, hypoxia-inducible factor isoform 2-alpha (HIF2α or EPAS1), prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD or EGLN), α-ketoglutarate/2-oxoglutarate oxygenase