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We have studied cellular and vascular changes in different stages of full thickness tears of the rotator cuff. We examined biopsies from the supraspinatus tendon in 40 patients with chronic rotator cuff tears who were undergoing surgery and compared them with biopsies from four uninjured subscapularis tendons. Morphological and immunocytochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies directed against leucocytes, macrophages, mast cells, proliferative and vascular markers were used. Histological changes indicative of repair and inflammation were most evident in small sized rotator cuff tears with increased fibroblast cellularity and intimal hyperplasia, together with increased expression of leucocyte and vascular markers. These reparative and inflammatory changes diminished as the size of the rotator cuff tear increased. Marked oedema and degeneration was seen in large and massive tears, which more often showed chondroid metaplasia and amyloid deposition. There was no association between the age of the patient and the duration of symptoms. In contrast, large and massive tears showed no increase in the number of inflammatory cells and blood vessels. Small sized rotator cuff tears retained the greatest potential to heal, showing increased fibroblast cellularity, blood vessel proliferation and the presence of a significant inflammatory component. Tissue from large and massive tears is of such a degenerative nature that it may be a significant cause of re-rupture after surgical repair and could make healing improbable in this group.

Original publication

DOI

10.1302/0301-620X.88B4.16845

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Bone Joint Surg Br

Publication Date

04/2006

Volume

88

Pages

489 - 495

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, CD, Antigens, CD34, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Chronic Disease, Extracellular Matrix, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Leukocytes, Macrophages, Male, Mast Cells, Middle Aged, Rotator Cuff, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Rupture, Synovial Membrane, Tendon Injuries, Tendons